![]() At its junction with the posterior border is the angle of the mandible, which may be either inverted or everted and is marked by rough, oblique ridges on each side, for the attachment of the masseter laterally, and the medial pterygoid muscle medially the stylomandibular ligament is attached to the angle between these muscles. The lower border of the ramus is thick, straight, and continuous with the inferior border of the body of the bone.It contains the inferior alveolar vessels and nerve, from which branches are distributed to the teeth. In the posterior two-thirds of the bone the canal is situated nearer the internal surface of the mandible and in the anterior third, nearer its external surface. ![]() On arriving at the incisor teeth, it turns back to communicate with the mental foramen, giving off two small canals which run to the cavities containing the incisor teeth. The mandibular canal runs obliquely downward and forward in the ramus, and then horizontally forward in the body, where it is placed under the alveoli and communicates with them by small openings. Behind this groove is a rough surface, for the insertion of the medial pterygoid muscle. The margin of this opening is irregular it presents in front a prominent ridge, surmounted by a sharp spine, the lingula of the mandible, which gives attachment to the sphenomandibular ligament at its lower and back part is a notch from which the mylohyoid groove runs obliquely downward and forward, and lodges the mylohyoid vessels and nerve. On the inside at the center there is an oblique mandibular foramen, for the entrance of the inferior alveolar vessels and nerve. It gives attachment throughout nearly the whole of its extent to the masseter muscle. On the outside, the ramus is flat and marked by oblique ridges at its lower part. The ramus ( Latin: branch) of the human mandible has four sides, two surfaces, four borders, and two processes.
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