![]() ![]() It starts with a washable prefilter meant to trap bigger dust and proceeds to a HEPA filter to catch the rest,” Healthline says. Coway Airmega AP-1512HH True HEPA Air Purifier:“The Coway is equipped with a four-stage filtration system that covers 361 square feet (sq.Levoit Core 400S Smart WiFi-Enabled Air Purifier: “This Energy Star-rated purifier uses a three-stage filtration process that includes a pre-filter, H13 true HEPA filter, which traps viruses, bacteria, pollen, dust and pet dander, and a custom high-efficiency activated carbon filter that helps neutralize odors, cooking and wildfire smoke and VOCs,” HGTV says.Bissell Air320 Max Air Purifier:“It includes a fabric prefilter that collects a shocking amount of dust, an activated carbon filter, and an H13 HEPA filter, plus you can connect it to the Bissell app for easy monitoring,” Wired says.Dyson Purifier Cool TP07 Smart Air Purifier and Fan: “It relies on an H13 HEPA filter, and our tester was impressed by its ability to dramatically improve the air quality within five to 10 minutes, as well as swiftly remove smoke,” The Spruce says.Blueair Blue Pure 211+ Air Purifier: “The device uses a three-part filtration system: a fabric one for dust and other large particles, a true HEPA one for smaller particles like mold and bacteria and a carbon-activated one for odors caused by smoke, pets and the like,” Good Housekeeping says.Plasmacluster Ion Technology 7000 ion density DC motor. You may want to check out our Blueair Classic 605 review if you want a premium purifier with several extra features. Plasmacluster air purifier with humidifying function High density 25000 Plasmacluster ions Reduces bacteria & airborne viruses up to 99. And while I can’t suggest that one pay the premium for that alone, I can attest that it works well, looks great, and is very easy to use. However, the Blueair Sense is easily and by far the best-looking that I’ve tested. This brings me to my next point: the Blueair Sense seems to accomplish the same effect as other, cheaper air purifiers that I’ve tested. I left my open, and while it’s difficult for me to gauge my room’s air quality, I haven’t experienced any of the same problems I had before my time using an air purifier – it’s been a few years since I started using one. The company recommends that you keep windows and doors closed to improve the air purifier’s efficiency. That all in mind, the Blueair Sense is designed to be used in rooms that are up to 150 square feet. That’s how you operate the Blueair Sense. There are three speeds available, and the fourth swipe will power off the Blueair Sense. Perform the same action again, and a second circle will appear, indicating that it is now at speed 2. If done correctly, a small circle will illuminate, and the Blueair Sense’s fan will kick on. Just plug it in to power on the Blue Air sense and then wave your hand over the glass surface. If you’d love an air purifier that comes with a humidifier, then you should take an interest in our Boneco Air Washer w200 review. How long will each one last? Unfortunately, I can’t tell you, and nor have I had to replace my filters – I’ve been using the Blueair Sense for over two months without any indicator to do so. Unfortunately, the Blueair Sense’s HEPA Filters are not reusable and must be replaced periodically, just like the Coway Airmega 200M.Ī tough proposition to swallow, especially since replacement filters cost about $80, though they should last for some time. In addition to an “ion charging process” to clean the air, the Blueair Sense uses a traditional, and proven effective, HEPA filter. But, compare Austin air vs Blueair to see which one is better. That in mind, though, the BlueAir Sense isn’t cheap it costs $479 and likely performs as well as other air purifiers that cost perhaps half that. Most other air purifiers look analogous to a plastic tower fan that can be purchased for $40 at Bed Bath and Beyond. From the looks of it, the all-white box has been carefully designed to be both simple and tasteful – the top of it is covered in tempered glass. The Blueair Sense is unlike any air purifier I’ve ever used, let alone ever laid eyes on. ![]() So who would’ve thought that one of those companies to achieve such would be a maker of one of the best air purifiers? I sure as hell didn’t. ![]() Looking for the best HEPA air purifier? There are few products that have been able to achieve a design aesthetic that is on par with Apple, Dyson, and those alike. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Because this drink is made with 100% agave wine, it’s not technically a proper margarita but rather a margarita wine cocktail. Technically speaking, it’s a margarita wine cocktail.Given that this is the perfect summer cocktail, you’re going to want to stock up. You can get these massive margarita bottles at Costco in original margarita flavor as well as strawberry (or maybe even one of each). While many alcohol bottles come with about 750ml of boozy goodness, this ready-to-drink concoction is twice the size for twice the fun. Costco’s not skimping on size here, and their Kirkland Premium Strawberry Margarita is no exception. The bottles hold 1.5 Liters of margarita goodness.Pour into the salt-rimmed glasses and garnish with a lime wedge.A post shared by Ashley Irving on at 1:18pm PDT Blend until the mixture is slushy (add more fruit if you want to amp up the flavor or make the drink colder!). Add the tequila, Cointreau, lime juice, and agave syrup. To make a fruity frozen margarita: Place ½ cup of your favorite frozen fruit (we like strawberry, mango, pineapple, and watermelon) and a handful of ice in a blender.Pour into the salt-rimmed glasses and garnish with a lime wedge. Blend until the mixture is slushy (add more ice if you want it more slushy!). To make a frozen margarita: Fill a blender with a few handfuls of ice, then add the tequila, Cointreau, lime juice, and agave syrup.Garnish each margarita with a lime wedge. Fill the glasses with ice and pour in the margarita.Rub the rims of 2 rocks glasses with the lime peel. Fill a shaker or large measuring cup partway with ice.The salt-rimmed glass, however, is non-negotiable. Just toss everything in the blender and give your cocktail a quick blitz. Some prefer margaritas frozen, which simply means blended this version is on the rocks, so you avoid the brain-freeze, but on absolutely sweltering days, sometimes there’s nothing like a frozen drink. The IBA doesn’t recommend a sweetener, as triple sec is quite sweet, but you’ll find many margaritas, including this one, suggest at least half an ounce of agave or simple syrup. Next, lime: Because it’s such a central part of the drink’s ethos, the lime juice in a margarita should always be freshly squeezed as opposed to bottled (there’s really no contest when it comes to flavor). Triple sec, an orange-flavored liqueur, one of the most common brands of which is Cointreau (called for in this recipe), adds sweetness and a subtle floral aroma. A margarita must have tequila, specifically white, or blanco, a smooth, clear tequila or with reposado tequila, which is aged and slightly oakier in flavor and golden in color. Let’s talk through the details: The International Bartenders’ Association’s Official List of Cocktails says the standard ratios for a margarita is 10:4:3 (tequila: triple sec: fresh lime juice) here, we’re following 8:4:4:1 (tequila: triple sec: fresh lime juice: agave syrup). The classic cocktail of tequila, orange liqueur, and lime juice-with plenty of salt around the glass’s rim-is sip-able year-round, but there’s nothing like a margarita on a sticky summer evening, preferably drunk outside. Erika Kotite Test Kitchen NotesĪh, margaritas. Añejo (aged) and extra añejo (ultra aged) exhibit much more complexity and depth.Freshly concocted tequilas like blanco (white, unaged) and joven (or gold, usually a white with coloring and spices added) pack a punch but can be a bit harsh.We like our margaritas with a smooth, tasty reposado (lightly aged), such as Cazadores Reposado.To really savor tequila’s signature flavor, choose one that is made with 100 percent agave sugars, versus Mixto versions, which only require 51 percent agave. There are five types of tequila: blanco (white), joven (gold), reposado (rested), añejo (aged), and extra añejo (ultra aged).Whether or not liquor allergies like Marjorie's exist remains to be seen, but until we manage to get drinks named after ourselves, we’re drinking to her. “Margarita” is the Spanish equivalent of Marjorie. If you're curious about the origin story of one of our favorite cocktails, rumor has it that an enlightened bartender mixed up the first margarita in Rosarita Beach, Mexico, for a showgirl named Marjorie King, who was allergic to all liquor except tequila. Many a springtime party will have margaritas made by the pitcher, alongside the requisite guacamole. If there is one thing to say about a margarita, it’s that you can’t make just one the citrusy, tequila-based drink is not designed for solitude. Here's a classic margarita recipe that lets all of the natural flavors shine through: tequila, lime juice, and agave. ![]() ![]() ![]() He'd go a long way toward opening the floor for the James-Davis pick-and-roll.īut it's worth wondering how much of a difference Irving, individually, would have made. ![]() Defenses have to account for what he does off of the dribble as well when they allocate help resources. His catch-and-shoot numbers are just as strong as his pull-up percentages, and his gravity extends beyond his shooting ability. He's up to a career-high 8.7 3-point attempts per game this season. Irving is an elite shooter, and he's increased his volume significantly in recent years. The message here is clear: the Lakers need not only better shooting, but volume shooting. That's going to make life much harder on James, who averaged over 14 drives per game during the 2020 championship season, but is below 10 now. Average is the best kind of shooter the Lakers currently have. The Lakers have made up for this by making more shots in the restricted area than any other team, but that's only going to get harder in the postseason when defenses start laying off of even average shooters. They make the fewest 3-pointers per game in the league. The Lakers are one of the worst shooting teams in the NBA. Irving might've helped on one front, but he'd only make things harder on the other two. But the Lakers have three significant weaknesses to address before the deadline. That's especially true when the All-Star in question would have replaced Westbrook, who, by almost any measure, is a negative-value player at this stage of his career. There's plenty of precedent in NBA history for talent overcoming fit, depth and cohesion. Adding an All-Star wasn't really going to solve them. The 2022-23 Lakers have plenty of problems. But ultimately, it would have solved problems that don't really exist. It even would have satisfied the seemingly restless James, which surely holds intangible value. Late-game possessions that once resulted in free throws or layups for James have become jumpers at a somewhat startling rate this season. It would have provided a bit of insurance against Father Time as well. Including Westbrook in a trade for Irving would have resolved that situation organically. Darvin Ham has proven more comfortable doing so recently, but he hasn't pulled the plug on the 2017 MVP entirely. It can be solved by simply not playing Westbrook, a complete non-shooter, down the stretch of games. Several other teams have copied this tactic. The Blazers defended him with center Jusuf Nurkic, which is to say that they didn't really defend him at all an effectively played the Lakers five-on-four. When the Lakers struggled to put away the Portland Trail Blazers in October, for instance, the problem could be traced back to Russell Westbrook. There have been isolated incidents of stagnant late-game offense, but they've largely boiled down to correctable issues. They lead the NBA by scoring 119.5 points per 100 possessions in the fourth quarter. The Lakers rank ninth in clutch offense this season. That brings us to late-game offense, which, surprisingly, has been among this team's best traits. When Davis has been healthy, they largely have. The Lakers don't need to win the no-LeBron minutes. Lineups featuring Davis and no James have scored in the 67th percentile in terms of efficiency this season, according to Cleaning the Glass. Besides, most of that James-less decline this season has been a result of Davis' absence. Amazingly, in their three seasons together, Cleveland's offense dipped by at least 13.5 points per 100 possessions without James in each year. Irving didn't exactly solve this problem in Cleveland, though. As a whole, the Laker offense dips by eight points per 100 possessions when James goes to the bench. Bench scoring has been a bit more of a problem. They rank fifth in the NBA in fast-break points and second in the league in pace. Transition scoring has been a Lakers strength. Unsurprisingly, refocusing an offense around 30 minutes or so of LeBron James-Anthony Davis pick-and-rolls with proper spacing does wonders on the scoreboard. and then upped its average by nearly seven points per 100 plays in the playoffs. That's hardly ideal, but remember, the 2020 championship ranked 16th. ![]() They rank 15th in half-court points per play this season, according to Cleaning the Glass. The Lakers are hardly an elite half-court offense, but they get by. But to the Los Angeles Lakers? They were probably a luxury the team simply can't afford. They will be to a Dallas Mavericks team that desperately needed another shot-creator next to Luka Doncic. In the right setting, these skills are absolutely critical. He can carry your bench offense for stretches. Kyrie Irving's best traits are simultaneously extremely valuable and extremely narrow. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() INVASION MODE – CAMPAIGN DROP IN PvP AND CO-OP On top of that you can select the ammo to suit your target, from armour-piercing right down to non-lethal. Rifles, secondaries and pistols all have a huge variety of options. Use workbenches to customise and upgrade virtually every aspect of your weapon – change scopes, stocks, barrels, magazines and more. Factor in rifle stock and barrel options along with gravity, wind and heart rate while you line up your sights on the target. Use ziplines, slide down slopes and shimmy along ledges to reach the perfect vantage point, or to sneak past a sharp-eyed lookout. Take on the Nazi plot solo or work with a partner, with improved co-op mechanics allowing you to share ammo and items, give orders and heal each other. Many real-world locations have been captured using photogrammetry to recreate a living, immersive environment, and multiple infiltration and extraction points and kill list targets provide a whole new perspective on each mission. Soon they uncover a secret Nazi project that threatens to end the war before the Allies can even invade Europe: Operation Kraken. Fight your way across the most immersive maps yet, with many real-world locations captured in stunning detail, and an improved traversal system that lets you explore more of them than ever before.įrance, 1944 – As part of a covert US Rangers operation to weaken the Atlantikwall fortifications along the coast of Brittany, elite marksman Karl Fairburne makes contact with the French Resistance. The latest instalment in the award-winning series, Sniper Elite 5 offers unparalleled sniping, tactical third-person combat and an enhanced kill cam. The Sniper Elite 5 Deluxe Edition includes: ![]() ![]() ![]() MixMeister Studio is a powerful DJ sequencer that gives you greater ability to expand your creativity and produce mixes beyond traditional mixing and blending. There are NO returns on this product, please be sure you have checked your system compatibility before you make your purchase. Your registration code and instructions will be emailed to you within 30 mins or less during normal business hours. The intuitive interface should make this tool easy to use by inexperienced users.This is a digital download. The bottom line is that MixMeister Studio is a nice program that can be used to create great music mixes. Thus, you can immediately correct any areas that didn’t turn out perfect. The entire song can be listened to before saving the file to the computer. You may also add markers regarding the volume, treble, midrange and bass, create loops of one, two, four or eight measures. ![]() The app allows you to incorporate countless numbers of files and several transition effects between songs. The list includes an Expander, Phaser, Reverb, Delay and Bass Boost, just to name a few. Effects may be applied to any of the songs and areas of the mix. Thus, any files in the app’s Library can be added to the mix by simply dragging them to the playlist or to the editing area. Alternatively, the program can monitor certain folders and automatically add any new files to the Library. These can be addedindividually or as entire folder. It supports a few file formats, namely MP3, WMA and WAV. MixMeister Studio lets you work with multiple songs at the same time. The app has a clean interface that incorporates a large number of tools. MixMeister Studio is a complex utility that allows you to easily process music files. ![]() If you want to learn how to create great music mixes, you first need to master a proper app. ![]() ![]() At its junction with the posterior border is the angle of the mandible, which may be either inverted or everted and is marked by rough, oblique ridges on each side, for the attachment of the masseter laterally, and the medial pterygoid muscle medially the stylomandibular ligament is attached to the angle between these muscles. The lower border of the ramus is thick, straight, and continuous with the inferior border of the body of the bone.It contains the inferior alveolar vessels and nerve, from which branches are distributed to the teeth. In the posterior two-thirds of the bone the canal is situated nearer the internal surface of the mandible and in the anterior third, nearer its external surface. ![]() On arriving at the incisor teeth, it turns back to communicate with the mental foramen, giving off two small canals which run to the cavities containing the incisor teeth. The mandibular canal runs obliquely downward and forward in the ramus, and then horizontally forward in the body, where it is placed under the alveoli and communicates with them by small openings. Behind this groove is a rough surface, for the insertion of the medial pterygoid muscle. The margin of this opening is irregular it presents in front a prominent ridge, surmounted by a sharp spine, the lingula of the mandible, which gives attachment to the sphenomandibular ligament at its lower and back part is a notch from which the mylohyoid groove runs obliquely downward and forward, and lodges the mylohyoid vessels and nerve. On the inside at the center there is an oblique mandibular foramen, for the entrance of the inferior alveolar vessels and nerve. It gives attachment throughout nearly the whole of its extent to the masseter muscle. On the outside, the ramus is flat and marked by oblique ridges at its lower part. The ramus ( Latin: branch) of the human mandible has four sides, two surfaces, four borders, and two processes.
![]() ![]() Please read through them carefully! If none of them helps, please head to the Further Help section to know what’s the best way to contact us for further assistance. This section covers possible workarounds. Disconnected from master server 393223 = NetErrorConnectionRejectedByServer, KickedOut Join attempt timed out 327683 = ConnectFailReasonDeleted Connecting took too long 262151 = NetErrorConnectionRejectedByServer, TimeOut Incompatible version 262147 = ConnectFailReasonTimeOut No longer hosting a game 196615 = NetErrorConnectionRejectedByServer, BadRequest No such peer 196613 = NetErrorConnectionRejected, ResponseRejected Incompatible version 196611 = ConnectFailReasonInvalidTarget Invalid password 131079 = NetErrorConnectionRejectedByServer, BadVersion Rejected by peer 131077 = NetErrorConnectionRejected, ResponseRejectedBadPassword Game is full 131075 = ConnectFailReasonRejected Game is full 65543 = NetErrorConnectionRejectedByServer, ServerFull Game is full 65541 = NetErrorConnectionRejected, ResponseRejectedFull Cannot connect to master server 65539 = ConnectFailReasonFull Sync data was not received in 30s (slow connection) 10 = NetErrorConnectingToMasterFailed Connection was lost 9 = NetErrorConnectionSyncDataTimeOut Connection was lost 8 = NetErrorConnectionLost No reply received in 30s 6 = NetErrorConnectionRejected, NetErrorNoResponseFromServer Not connected to master server 4 = NetErrorNoResponseFromHost User cancelled connection attempt 3 = ConnectFailReasonNotOnline Unexpected disconnection 2 = NetErrorJoinLobbyAborted If this guide doesn’t help you with your problem, remember to check the Further Help title for how to report the issue, so we can help you efficiently! Error Codesīelow are error codes that might show up in-game and their explanations. If the error codes are always different, it might indicate that the problem isn’t permanent, and that you’ll get through after enough tries. ![]() That’s why it’s advised to try a few times at least and maybe at different times during the day. Please note that one reason for errors can be as simple as the servers might be under heavy load at the moment. You can see the explanations for error codes below. Sometimes the game will output an error code when it can, which might explain why the problem occurred. Usually the issues are related to connecting to other players. ![]() The Online Multiplayer works very well for the most part as most players never encounter any problems, but unfortunately some players have trouble with online matches. However, note that some, usually just older, versions might not work together. Trine games 1-3 support cross-platform multiplayer between Windows, Mac and Linux. However, please note that we recommend going through this page first, especially the Help section. If you have any questions, please email us at the following address. There is also a separate section for Trine 4 as well. Parts of these instructions also apply to Trine 4: The Nightmare Prince and Nine Parchments – the biggest difference is the error codes, which are slightly different in Trine 4 and Nine Parchments in comparison to Trine 1-3. The games all this info applies to are listed below. Thanks to everyone supporting us, and I hope you enjoy our game! If you want to stay up-to-date with news regarding Trine 2 and our other games, follow us on Twitter - and don’t forget to stay tuned here.This page contains workarounds and information about Online Multiplayer errors and issues that might occur in the Trine games on PC, but there is a small section for □ Consoles included as well. Trine 2: Complete Story launches on this Friday, November 15th in North America for $19.99. So remember to fire up your 3D TV’s, put on your glasses, and enjoy the visual splendor. ![]() It’s truly a sight to see, and what’s more is that we’re also one of the few games at launch with stereoscopic 3D support. On the tech side, Trine 2 runs at beautiful full HD 1080p resolution at 60 frames per second. An example of this is drawing boxes or planks with the wizard, and moving them around and interacting with the environment. Trine 2: Complete Story supports DualShock 4’s touch pad, and it makes many elements of the gameplay very intuitive. There are a total of 20 levels full of adventure, with sceneries ranging from lush forests to a scorching hot desert, and the insides of a gigantic sandworm - even isles floating in the sky. In the trailer above, you’ll see some of the new skills that are available in the Complete Story version, such as the Knight’s Kitesail Shield, and the Thief’s Low Gravity Arrow. Trine 2: Complete Story is now officially lined up to arrive on PS4 tomorrow. That was our goal, and it’s been a hectic few months, but we’ve made it. I’m very happy to announce that Trine 2: Complete Story is a PS4 launch game. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() She has been married to Israeli businessman Yaron Varsano since September 28, 2008. Fighting alongside man in a war to end all wars, Diana will discover her full powersand her true destiny. The film is part of the DC Extended Universe, and Gadot plays the role again in the solo film Диво-жінка (2017), which was received very positively, and superhero team-up Ліга справедливості (2017). Wonder Woman 1984 2020 151 minutes 2.9 star 1.77K reviews 58 Tomatometer PG-13 Rating familyhome Eligible info 14.99 Buy 4K 3.99 Rent 4K playarrow Trailer info Watch in a web browser. Wonder Woman (2017) (47,947) 7.4 2 h X-Ray PG-13 Before she was Wonder Woman, she was Diana, princess of the Amazons. has fast-tracked development on another installment in the DC Comics franchise, with Gal. As a result, her performance as the superhero, which is the first time for the character on film, was hailed as one of the best parts of the otherwise poorly-received film. Diana Prince is officially heading back to the big screen for a third Wonder Woman movie. Gadot received swordsmanship, Kung Fu kickboxing, Capoeira and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu training in preparation for the role. Her role was expanded in the sequels Форсаж 5: Швидка п'ятірка (2011) and Форсаж 6 (2013), in which her character was romantically linked to Han Seoul-Oh ( Sung Kang). Gal made her film debut in the fourth film of the Fast and Furious franchise, Форсаж 4 (2009), as Gisele. She served in the IDF for two years, and won the Miss Israel title in 2004. Her parents are Irit, a teacher, and Michael, an engineer. Gal Gadot is an Israeli actress, singer, martial artist, and model. ![]() ![]() ![]() Speaking of that song roster, the songs here are really good. It's not spectacular or anything, but it does offer something additional to do beyond the main song roster. ![]() ok, seriously, what is that? Furthermore, the controls are extremely responsive, rarely seeing a perfectly imitated piece of choreography fail to register.īeyond just picking up and starting the road to freestyle dance champion, there's an All Star mode that has a.story? The main point of it is to take you through the history of the Just Dance franchise so you can dance to songs from other titles. Fortunately, there's a dancer on screen who is acting out exactly what you should be doing, and when you combine the two prompts together, it makes following instructions a breeze. While it might seem like your attention should be locked onto the prompts in the bottom right hand corner, these can be a little vague. For all it's worth, Just Dance 2020 is an exciting experience that gets you pumped as soon as it starts, and keeps you that way till you turn it off.įollowing the on-screen prompts could have been a huge hassle, but thankfully, it's actually ridiculously easy. It's your time to shine, and thanks to how detailed each dance is, it really feels like a journey making it to the end of each song. As each song starts, there's an intensity felt. Loading times are very short as well, meaning there's no big lull moving between tracks on each playlist. There are even set lists that mix the music together into an easily digestible format, so if you want to dance to country music, or have a quick workout, the game makes these things very easy to locate and just start. Anyway, the menus are extremely easy to navigate, and there's a lot of ways to pull up and curate music. You should subscribe to Just Dance Unlimited. Just Dance 2020 is exactly what you would expect, and it does a really good job at being that.įor starters, this is about as user friendly as they come. There's really nothing surprising here, and that's fine. You hold one controller in your hand (mobile devices are also an option, though this was never used for this review) and mimic the on-screen prompts to dance to the music. Just Dance, Ubisoft, and the Ubisoft logo are registered or unregistered trademarks of Ubisoft Entertainment in the US and/or other countries.Just Dance 2020 is a, you guessed it, dancing video game. Please check the game detail page on for membership requirements. ![]() Play Co-op with Friends: Dance to our newest universes and beat the high score together.Ī Nintendo Switch Online membership may be required for online play. Kids Mode: Enjoy eight new kid-friendly songs, offering a fun experience for our youngest players. Billy Ray Cyrus.įree Just Dance® Unlimited: Dance to 500+ of your favorite songs! A free one-month trial is included with every purchase.Ĭhoose Your Favorite Songs: Create your own playlists to customize your Just Dance parties! Keep the party going for hours with songs for the whole family to enjoy!Ĥ0 Hot New Tracks: Keep the party going with the latest hits like “Old Town Road (Remix)” by Lil Nas X Ft. Billy Ray Cyrus and “God Is A Woman” by Ariana Grande. Just Dance® 2020 is the ultimate dance game with 40 hot tracks from chart-topping hits like “Old Town Road (Remix)” by Lil Nas X Ft. ![]() ![]() ![]() The later phase of these wars was characterised by the competition among three claimants: Sweyn III, Canute V and Valdemar I, the son of Canute Lavard, whose murder had precipitated these events. Over the following twenty years, several scions of the Kyntling dynasty would vie for power in a series of wars. The rebellion against Niels set the now-inevitable events into motion. ![]() Niels’s unjustified lenience towards this heinous act of kin slaying would trigger a rebellion against him the incumbent king was soundly defeated at Fotevik in 1134, and was murdered by the townspeople of Schleswig. Niels’s son was notoriously involved in the murder of one of his opponents, Canute Lavard, in 1130. By 1130, cracks had started to appear on its relatively stable surface, as Sweyn’s grandchildren began scheming against each other in order to ensure their eventual succession. The delicate balance of fraternal succession, however, was not destined to last. Successful reforms included the introduction of the formula dei gratia rex – king by the grace of God – which strengthened the kings’ status as divinely sanctioned rulers, and the establishment of a Scandinavian ecclesiastical province centred on Lund in 1104. Canute IV, for instance, attempted to introduce a tax for neglecting military obligations to the Crown this reform was poorly received, and the ensuing rebellion would lead to Canute’s murder in 1086. Very few offensive expeditions were launched during this period, but the Danish kings began to slowly cement their power. While Sweyn’s reign was fraught with conflict – most notably a protracted war against Norway and an unsuccessful expedition against Anglo-Norman England in 1070 – he managed to ensure Danish independence against Norwegian magnates and German bishops.īetween 10, five of Sweyn’s sons – none of them legitimate – would succeed each other: Harald III, Canute IV, Oluf I, Erik I and Niels. He descended from Estrid, Sweyn Forkbeard’s daughter, and curiously chose to use a matronym – thus taking his mother’s name – as a way to project legitimacy. Following Magnus’s own death, Sweyn Estridsen became king in Denmark. After his death in 1042, the Danes conclusively lost control over England, and Magnus of Norway reigned over Denmark until 1047. The Norwegian magnates elected a local king, Magnus the Good, and Canute’s son Harthacnut, attempting to hold onto both his English and Scandinavian domains, scarcely managed to do either. During this period, the Danish Church broke from its metropolitan diocese of Hamburg-Bremen, and appointed English bishops, thus taking the first steps towards an ecclesiastical administration outside German control.įollowing Canute’s death in 1035, the North Sea Empire came crashing down. Anglo-Saxon legislation and ecclesiastical structures became well known to the Danish kings, who attempted to reproduce these innovations in Denmark. Somewhat contradictorily, the conquest of England had consequential effects in the strengthening of the Danish kingdom. In 1013, the year before his death, Sweyn managed to bring England under his control after several unsuccessful attempts Canute followed his father’s example, and conquered the English kingdom himself in 1016. Sweyn allied himself with Norwegian and Swedish aristocrats and, by 1000 CE, he had established himself as the undisputed king of Norway, which would be ruled by his allies, the jarls of Lade Danish control over Norway – albeit with a few interregna – would last until Canute the Great’s death in 1035. The reigns of Sweyn and his son, Canute the Great, were even more expansionist and successful than Harald’s. Sometime in the mid-980s, Harald’s son, Sweyn Forkbeard, rebelled against his father and drove him out of Denmark. Harald Bluetooth’s successes had primarily hinged upon his standing with the realm’s magnates and his martial prowess his power, therefore, was reliant on continued successes, rather than on a well-established ideology of kingship. During his reign, an impressive network of circular fortified camps – known as the Trelleborg fortresses – were built across Denmark. His power, moreover, was not limited to proselytising activities Harald received tribute from the Norwegian kings and magnates, as well as wielding control in Denmark. Harald was not simply a convert himself, but he also persuaded – or forced – the Danish magnates to support the recognition of Christianity as the official religion. It is certain that Christianity had entered the Scandinavian stage before the 980s, but the runestone’s intent to correlate increased political control and the emergence of the new religion is nevertheless significant. The Jelling runestone, raised near the royal complex of the same name, tells us that Harald Bluetooth ‘united all of Denmark under him and made the Danes Christian’. As elsewhere in Scandinavia, unification and Christianisation went hand-in-hand in Denmark. ![]() |
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